This is designed to track study progress!

This was last updated on September 03, 2025.

Study Complete ✅

In total, 90 participants completed the 12-week training intervention and all pre/post-study visits.

Number completed for Control, HIIT, MICT:

Workout Adherence

Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE)

The following plots show RPE for MICT and HIIT participants across workouts.

Flagged participants

Participant record IDs are labeled below if they completed <20 total workouts (graph 1) and/or <20 quality workouts (graph 2). Note, these participants w/ less than 20 workouts total (graph 1) were likely to be lost to follow-up or withdrew from the study meaning they also did not return for endpoint visits.

Only 7 participants (3 HIIT – HR too low; 4 MICT – HR too high) did not adhere to target HR zone in the majority of workouts.

HIIT or MICT Participants (n=68): only ~7 participants did not adhere to HR zone
Group 20_or_more_wkts 20_or_more_wkts_in_zone n
HIIT yes no 3
HIIT yes yes 33
MICT yes no 4
MICT yes yes 29

Visit Counts

Randomized participants (n=109): completion of visits
Group Status BL VO2? BL CTRU? EP VO2? EP CTRU? n
HIIT Completed TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE 36
MICT Completed TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE 32
Control Completed TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE 20
MICT Withdrawn (after training) TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE 5
Control Withdrawn (before training) TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE 3
HIIT Withdrawn (before training) TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE 3
Control Lost to Follow-Up (after training) TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE 2
MICT Lost to Follow-Up (after training) TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE 2
Control Withdrawn (before training) TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE 1
Control Completed TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE 1
HIIT Screen failed TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE 1
HIIT Withdrawn (after training) TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE 1
HIIT Lost to Follow-Up (after training) TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE 1
MICT Completed TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE 1

VO2 max tests (count)

Note: the following tables do not include crossover participants. There were 8 crossover participants and therefore 8 more VO2 max tests (that occurred after the crossover). These are not accounted for here.

Randomized participants (n=109): BL VO2 (n=109).
Group BL VO2? n
HIIT TRUE 42
MICT TRUE 40
Control TRUE 27
Randomized participants (n=109): EP VO2 (n=89).
Group EP VO2? n
HIIT TRUE 36
MICT TRUE 33
Control TRUE 21
MICT FALSE 7
Control FALSE 6
HIIT FALSE 6

Acute Exercise Visit (count)

Randomized participants (n=109): BL Acute Ex Visit (n=102).
Group BL CTRU? n
MICT TRUE 40
HIIT TRUE 38
Control TRUE 24
HIIT FALSE 4
Control FALSE 3
Randomized participants (n=109): EP Acute Ex Visit (n=87).
Group EP CTRU? n
HIIT TRUE 36
MICT TRUE 32
Control TRUE 20
MICT FALSE 8
Control FALSE 7
HIIT FALSE 6

Crossover Participants

Participant Counts

Progress toward filling 4 strata

ALL PARTICIPANTS RANDOMIZED

NUMBER CONSENTED

Month-by-Month Enrollment

Note: average counts exclude the first month and Dec 2023 for winter closure which had lower rates.

Age of Cohort

Biopsy Tracker

Workout Leaderboard

Participants are sorted by # quality workouts. Quality workouts = majority of workout in target heart rate zone, scored by RAs + Aubrey.
All randomized participants:
Record ID Status Group Total Wkts Quality Wkts RPE (mean) RPE (sd) EP surveys? EP_Vo2? EP_CTRU? bl_muscle? bl_adipose? ep_muscle? ep_adipose?
132 Completed HIIT 48 48 17.0 0.7 YES YES YES 0 1 0 1
133 Completed MICT 54 39 11.6 0.6 YES YES YES 1 1 1 1
136 Completed MICT 38 38 9.0 0.2 YES YES YES
1116 Completed (crossover) MICT 40 38 10.0 0.4 YES YES YES
90 Completed HIIT 39 36 15.6 1.4 YES YES YES
75 Completed HIIT 36 35 14.6 1.2 YES YES YES 1 1 1 1
80 Completed HIIT 34 35 14.2 1.5 YES YES YES
105 Completed HIIT 36 35 16.1 1.2 YES YES YES
115 Completed MICT 35 35 7.5 1.1 YES YES YES
117 Completed MICT 35 35 8.7 1.2 YES YES YES
123 Completed MICT 36 35 13.3 1.1 YES YES YES
150 Completed HIIT 37 35 17.1 2.4 YES YES YES
155 Completed HIIT 35 35 18.7 1.0 YES YES YES 1 1 1 1
18 Completed MICT 36 34 10.4 1.6 YES YES YES
19 Completed HIIT 36 34 19.4 0.7 YES YES YES
37 Completed MICT 35 34 11.0 0.9 YES YES YES
50 Completed HIIT 36 34 16.7 1.7 YES YES YES
72 Completed HIIT 34 34 15.3 1.1 YES YES YES
77 Completed MICT 34 34 13.0 1.1 YES YES YES
137 Completed HIIT 36 34 14.0 0.8 YES YES YES 1 1 1 1
142 Completed MICT 36 34 9.5 1.5 YES YES YES 1 1 1 1
1091 Completed (crossover) HIIT 38 34 17.1 0.5 YES YES
5 Completed MICT 33 33 11.8 0.9 YES YES YES
6 Completed HIIT 35 33 17.7 1.0 YES YES YES
46 Completed MICT 36 33 11.5 0.8 YES YES YES
51 Completed MICT 34 33 12.4 0.6 YES YES YES
71 Completed HIIT 36 33 13.9 0.8 YES YES YES 1 1 1 1
84 Completed MICT 33 33 12.0 0.3 YES YES YES
100 Completed MICT 35 33 10.7 0.7 YES YES
124 Completed HIIT 34 33 17.5 1.5 YES YES YES
30 Completed MICT 36 32 9.4 0.7 YES YES YES
144 Completed HIIT 37 32 13.7 1.0 YES YES YES
1103 Completed (crossover) HIIT 35 32 15.1 1.2 YES YES YES
1112 Completed (crossover) HIIT 40 32 14.5 1.4 YES YES YES
36 Completed HIIT 33 31 15.1 1.0 YES YES YES
92 Completed HIIT 32 31 14.5 0.6 YES YES YES
94 Completed HIIT 35 31 14.9 1.0 YES YES YES
135 Completed HIIT 33 31 16.3 1.3 YES YES YES 1 1 1 1
143 Completed MICT 33 31 13.6 0.5 YES YES YES
157 Completed HIIT 32 31 17.5 1.3 YES YES YES 1 1 1 1
1070 Completed (crossover) MICT 32 31 11.6 0.9 YES YES
7 Completed MICT 33 30 11.8 0.9 YES YES YES
89 Completed MICT 30 30 10.3 1.4 YES YES YES
110 Completed HIIT 35 30 16.1 1.5 YES YES YES
45 Completed MICT 36 29 9.9 1.3 YES YES YES
97 Completed HIIT 30 29 15.1 0.8 YES YES YES
147 Completed MICT 35 29 11.5 1.2 YES YES YES
154 Completed HIIT 32 29 12.4 1.7 YES YES YES
158 Completed MICT 38 29 9.3 0.7 YES YES
10 Completed HIIT 29 28 15.9 0.8 YES YES
12 Completed MICT 39 28 11.6 0.8 YES YES YES
64 Completed HIIT 32 28 13.6 1.0 YES YES YES 1 1 1 1
109 Completed HIIT 31 28 15.7 0.4 YES YES YES 1 1 1 1
127 Completed HIIT 36 27 13.8 0.9 YES YES YES
149 Completed MICT 34 27 8.2 1.4 YES YES YES 1 1 1 1
1076 Completed (crossover) MICT 32 27 6.0 0.2 YES YES YES 1 1 0 0
114 Withdrawn (after training) MICT 35 26 11.6 1.3 NO NO
21 Completed MICT 41 26 10.2 1.8 YES YES YES
121 Withdrawn (after training) HIIT 27 25 13.6 1.7 NO NO
14 Completed HIIT 31 25 13.7 1.7 YES YES YES
47 Completed HIIT 30 24 17.5 1.2 YES YES YES
60 Completed MICT 32 24 11.0 1.4 YES YES YES
86 Completed MICT 30 23 7.1 0.9 YES YES NO 1 1 1 1
131 Completed HIIT 26 23 14.2 1.5 YES YES YES 0 1 0 1
145 Completed MICT 31 22 11.0 1.0 YES YES YES 1 1 1 1
20 Completed HIIT 23 21 12.6 0.5 YES YES YES
87 Completed MICT 25 21 8.5 1.7 YES YES
95 Completed HIIT 22 21 12.9 1.3 YES YES YES
129 Completed HIIT 35 21 18.3 0.7 YES YES YES
1125 Completed (crossover) HIIT 30 21 13.8 1.2 YES YES YES
3 Completed MICT 21 20 11.8 0.7 YES YES YES
40 Completed MICT 26 17 9.5 1.7 YES YES
162 Completed HIIT 27 17 13.7 2.8 YES YES YES 1 1 0 0
38 Completed MICT 21 14 9.9 0.8 YES YES
1139 Completed (crossover) MICT 37 12 11.8 1.4 YES YES YES
4 Completed HIIT 40 11 16.5 3.5 YES YES YES
43 Withdrawn (after training) MICT 13 10 11.8 0.9 NO NO
81 Withdrawn (after training) MICT 10 10 9.1 0.6 NO NO
141 Completed HIIT 30 10 8.7 1.8 YES YES YES 1 1 1 1
156 Withdrawn (after training) MICT 9 6 11.5 2.1 NO NO
69 Lost to Follow-Up (after training) MICT 15 5 8.7 0.6 NO NO
120 Withdrawn (after training) MICT 3 3 8.0 0.0 NO NO 1 1 0 0
140 Lost to Follow-Up (after training) MICT 3 3 11.0 0.0 NO NO
148 Completed MICT 22 3 13.0 2.3 YES YES YES 1 1 1 1
39 Screen failed HIIT 0 0 NA NA NA NO NO
11 Withdrawn (before training) Control 0 0 NA NA NA NO NO
28 Withdrawn (before training) HIIT 0 0 NA NA NA NO NO
48 Withdrawn (before training) HIIT 0 0 NA NA NA NO NO
83 Withdrawn (before training) Control 0 0 NA NA NA NO NO
96 Withdrawn (before training) Control 0 0 NA NA NA NO NO
134 Withdrawn (before training) Control 0 0 NA NA NA NO NO
138 Withdrawn (before training) HIIT 0 0 NA NA NO NO
22 Lost to Follow-Up (after training) Control 0 0 NA NA NO NO
23 Lost to Follow-Up (after training) Control 0 0 NA NA NO NO
113 Lost to Follow-Up (after training) HIIT 6 0 13.3 0.8 NO NO
8 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES YES
26 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES YES
29 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES YES
56 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES
70 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES YES
73 Completed MICT 36 0 13.8 2.1 YES YES YES
76 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES YES
88 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES YES
91 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES YES
98 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES
101 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES YES
102 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES YES
103 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES YES
107 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES NO
112 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES YES
116 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES YES
119 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES YES
125 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES YES
126 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES YES
128 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES YES
139 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES YES
146 Completed Control 0 0 NA NA YES YES YES

Thanks everybody for your hard work!